to the positive battery post. These resistors are typically 0.001 ohms to 0.0007 ohms and connect between the battery cable and battery post These resistors are 4 terminal devices and the voltage drop is measured from the 2 'sense' terminals on the resistor. The other 2 terminals connect to the battery post and the battery cable. The reason automakers are doing this is because so many parts on the car are going fully electronic (steering, braking, water pump, etc.) and if the battery/alternator starts to fail, the vehicles ECU wants to detect the discharge (change in voltage drop across the shunt resistor) and to start to shut down non critical electronic systems first.
Follow Ups
FYI..Many new vehicles now have a shunt resistor connected - Zirvana10:42:13 09/14/06